Serum clinical indicators were dependent cardiovascular risk factors for increasing IS and pCS levels, which contribute to CVD in peritoneal dialysis patients. Even though most studies have proposed the advantage of therapeutic intervention on PBUT levels, most of these data came from post hoc analysis or small studies. Therefore, a more extensive, randomized control trial aimed to identify the impact of decreasing the levels of uremic toxins on hard outcomes, such as overall and cardiovascular mortality, is essential.